ADDITIONAL SENTENCES IN GERMAN _ NEBENSÄTZE

The concept of subordinate sentences in German

• A subordinate sentence is a type of sentence that is intended added meaning for main sentence.
• The supporting sentence when standing alone will meaningless.
• The verb of a subordinate sentence always comes at the end of the sentence.

Secondary sentence with wenn or falls (Conditional sentence Konditionalsatz)

Sub-sentence with WennWhen to use Wenn: Answer to the question Wann? (When?) Or Unter welcher Bedingung? (Under what conditions?)Wann fliegst du nach Deutschland?

Ich fliege nach Deutschland, wenn ich mein Visum bekomme. (I will fly to Germany, when I received Visum) Secondary sentence with FallsWhen to use Falls: Terms The meaning is also similar like wenn (Meaning: When, if, in case) but in terms of probability, the sentence with falls means condition will be less likely to happen according to the speaker's subjective assessment.Wennich Zeit habe, fahre ich nach Paris. (When I have time, I will go to Paris -> Ability in terms of probability I have time is High, I know there will definitely come a time when I have time).Fallsich Zeit habe, fahre ich nach Paris (TIn case I have time, I will go to Paris. Maybe I'll have time, but ability This is what I think short, I'm afraid I won't have time).

Subsidiary sentence with weil or da (Causal Sentence Kausalsatz)

Sub sentence with weil or daAnswer to the question Warum, wieso (Why)?Ich kaufe mir einen BMW, weilich viel Geld habe.

According to the example above: If secondary clause (because I have a lot of moneyn) stand behind main point (I bought a BMW)  -> Recomend using weil (however not required)

Skin The meaning is the same weil, but when desired invert the sub clause first then you should use skin (however not required)Skinich viel Geld habe, kaufe ich mir einen BMW.

In addition, in everyday spoken language, When using da, you implicitly assume that the other person already knows that fact.Skin ich viel Geld habe, kaufe ich mir einen BMW.

Listener facing known You are a person who has had a lot of money for a long time.Weil ich viel Geld habe, kaufe ich mir einen BMW.

Listener facing just for the first time It is known that you are a person with a lot of money.

The supporting sentence indicates a concession to obwohl

Sub sentence with obwohlUse this type of subordinate sentence to express an illogical opposition between two clauses.Obwohl es regnet, nehme ich keinen Regenschirm mit.

When it rains, you must bring an umbrella -> This is a logic. Even though it's raining, but I didn't bring an umbrella -> Illogical

Along with the meaning of giving in/expressing illogical opposition, we have 2 types of words trotzdem and dennoch all mean “However“. But you need to note, here is not a Nebensatz filler sentence because when used trotzdem and dennoch Verb will be ranked 2nd not the end of the sentence again. They are called Konzessivsatz: Concession sentence.Das Wetter ist sehr schön, trotzdem bleibt sie zu Hause. (The weather is very nice, however she remained at home)

Trotzdem or dennoch are also possible stand behind verb and subject (in position 3): Das Wetter ist sehr schön, bleibt sie dennoch zu Hause. (The weather is very nice, however she remained at home)

Subjunctive sentences of manner with indem (Modalsatz)

Sub sentence with indemThe supplementary sentence with indem answers the question Wie (How)?

Does that mean subordination will explain how to achieve what you want main clause. You can temporarily translate it indem = through.Man kann programmieren lernen, indem man einen Programmierkurs besucht.

People can learn programming, through Attend a programming course.

The supporting sentence shows the result with so dass

Sub sentence with so dassA type of subordinate sentence to express results/consequences from actions/events that happened in the main clause.Ich habe fleißig gelernt, so dass ich diese Prüfung bestanden habe.

I studied very hard, therefore I passed this exam.

So dass maybe detached when it appears in the main clause adjective and This adjective must be influential/relevant arrive result in the subordinate clause:Es war so kalt, dass viele arme Menschen starben.

God too cold, therefore Many poor people died. (Adjective cold Have affect and is the cause result many poor people died)

Along with the meaning of expressing results/consequences, we also have types of words deshalb. But you need to pay attention and ask questions deshalb is not a supplementary sentence Nebensatz because Verb will come in second position, not at the end of the sentence. They are called Konsekutivsatz: Sentences show results. However, the meaning is no different so dass.Ich habe fleißig gelernt, deshalb habe ich diese Prüfung bestanden.

I studied very hard, therefore I passed this exam.

Temporal Nebensatz (Temporaler Nebensatz)

Subjunctive sentence of time is an auxiliary sentence that always comes with things conjunctions of time (temporalen Konjunktionen) as: Bis, nachdem, seit, solange, während …

Bis (Until): Used to express a period of time from now until then. Ich spiele am Computer, bis meine Mutter wieder zurück kommt.

(I play computer, until my mother returned)

Nachdem (After): The action in the subordinate sentence is associated with nachdem will take place before action in the main sentence and action in the secondary sentences 1 time difference compared to the action in the main sentence.

• If the main sentence uses Future/Present tense -> The secondary sentence will use the Perfekt/Präteritum tense.
• If the main sentence uses then Perfekt/Präteritum -> The secondary sentence will use the Plusquamperfekt tense

Nachdem ich mein Studium abgeschlossen habe,fliege ich zurück nach Vietnam.

• After I completed my studies in University -> Action in the supporting sentence take place before and use tenses Perfekt.
• I will fly back to Vietnam -> Action in the main sentence takes place later and use tenses Present

Nachdem ich gestern geschwommen hatte, aß ich Snacks.

• Yesterday after I finished swimming -> Action in the supporting sentence take place before in the past and use the tense Plusquamperfekt.
• I eat Snacks -> Action in the main sentence takes place later in the past and use the tense Präteritum.

Seit (Since): Describes an action that started/happened in the past, but is still continuing/has not ended yet.Seit ich Deutsch lerne, finde ich es immer noch spannend.

Since I learned German, I always find it interesting.

Solange (As long as): Describe 2 actions take place simultaneously (gleichzeitig) and the action in the main sentence will end, once the action is in the subordinate sentence solange is terminated.Menschen können leben, solange es Wasser auf der Erde gibt.

Humans can live, as long as there is water on Earth.

If action in supplementary sentence end: If water runs out -> Action at main sentence also ends: Humans cannot live.

Während (While): Similar like solange, also describes two actions take place simultaneously (gleichzeitig). BUT There are no dependencies between 2 actions. Any 1 action ends, too no impact to the other action.Ich lese die Bücher, während sie Musik hört.

I read books, while she listens to music.

If action in supplementary sentence ending: Even if she stops listening to music, I will still read books as usual (does not affect the action main sentence)

Sub-sentence of purpose with damit (Finalsatz)

Sub sentence with damitA type of supplementary sentence that adds a sense of purpose to the main clause.

When to use damit: Can be used even when subject in the main and secondary clauses different.Ich lerne Chinesisch, damit mein Vater zufrieden ist.

I learn Chinese, to make my father happy. (Ich and mein Vater are two complete subjects different)

When to use um..zu: This is not a Nebensatz filler sentence. Which is a sentence Finalsatz (purpose sentence). Also used to express purpose such as damit, but only use when subject in the main and secondary clauses Is one.Ich lerne Deutsch, um in Deutschland zu studieren.

I study German, to study in Germany. (Learning German and studying in Germany are both actions of a subject Ich)

Sub sentence with dass or ob

Subordinate sentence with dass is a type of auxiliary sentence that describes an action or an event that has the meaning of adding information to the main clause when the main clause contains the following verbs or phrases Verbs: Wissen, sagen, erklären, behaupten , denken, glauben, meinen, annehmen, hören, finden, meinen, fühlen, wünschen, erwarten, hoffen, befürchten, vermuten …Phrases: Es freut mich, es ist möglich, es ist wichtig, es ist notwendig, es ist sicher , es tut mir Leid, ich finde es gut …Ich denke, dass du eine gute Lösung hast.

I think that, you have a good solution. (Add information to the what do I think clause?)Es ist wichtig, dass du Deutsch fließend sprechen kannst.

Thing important is, you can speak German fluently. (What is important about adding information to the problem?) Sub-sentence with obWhen the information is in the sub-clause Not sure either with the speaker. Therefore, the main clause is often negative sentences to express doubts or questions like belowIch möchte fragen, ob es möglich ist.

I want to ask that, Is that possible?Ich bin mir nicht sicher, ob ich die Prüfung bestehen kann.

I not sure that, whether I can pass the exam or not.Ich weiß nicht, ob du viel Geld hast.

I unclear, do you have a lot of money?

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